Hammer toe and claw toe are toe deformities that affect the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) and distal interphalangeal (DIP) joints.
Hammer toe: The PIP joint bends downward, while the DIP joint extends. This deformity usually affects one or two toes. Hammer toe is often associated with bunions. Claw toe: The PIP and DIP joints bend downward, while the metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint hyperextends. This deformity can affect multiple toes and may have a neurological cause. Claw toe is common in people with high arches. Both conditions are often caused by ill-fitting shoes, such as shoes that are too short or pointed. High heels can also contribute by pushing the foot down and forcing the toes into the shoe. Over time, the toes can become fixed in a bent position and won't straighten out.